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Aim: Colorectal cancer pathways were adversely affected as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess this impact by comparing diagnoses and acute presentations of colorectal cancer before and during the first and second wave of the pandemic, in a UK hospital covering a population of 800,000. Method(s): Patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer over one year during the COVID-19 pandemic (April 2020 -March 2021), were compared to patients diagnosed in the previous year (April 2019 -March 2020). Groups were compared according to the route of referral, presenting symptoms, and tumour staging. Patients who presented with an emergency admission were further assessed to determine inpatient management and outcomes. Result(s): Colorectal cancer diagnoses fell during the COVID-19 period compared to the year before (261 v 338). Referrals to our cancer pathway fell from 5717 to 2438 (57%) and endoscopies performed from 4389 to 2309 (47%). Fewer patients were diagnosed from primary care, 105 v 174 (P = 0.0062). More patients were diagnosed following emergency admissions 49 v 43 (P = 0.042). At diagnosis, more patients presented with Stage 4 cancer during the pandemic, 65 vs 58 (25% v 17%, P = 0.020). Fewer patients presented with Stage 1, 26 v 63 (10% v 19%, P = 0.0031). Of patients who presented with an emergency admission, there were more cases of bowel obstruction 26 v 14 (P = 0.00046). 30-day mortality was higher in the COVID-19 group 15 v 3 (31% v 7%, P = 0.0044) and palliative care was the initial management in 18 v 7 (37% v 16%, P = 0.003). Conclusion(s): During the COVID-19 pandemic, fewer patients were diagnosed with colorectal cancer at our trust. A greater proportion of patients required emergency admission and presented with higher-stage colorectal cancer. Our results may be attributed to service disruption at our trust and reduced patient engagement with healthcare professionals. Further studies are required to assess the lasting impact of the disruption of colorectal cancer pathways on patient outcomes.
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COVID-19 has impacted personal well-being globally in a disruptive manner. Frequent lockdowns have slowed down dramatically the economy of every nation. There is a fear of future insecurity cropping up in the minds of the people. The paper aims to restructure the popular Personal Well-being Index (PWI) according to the relevant indicators that impacted students' life in India during the second wave of COVID-19. The students at Delhi state university participated in the research. The researchers use The R-squared value for LR, SVR and DTR are 0.9103, 0.9159 and 0.5339. Mean squared errors are 0.0034, 0.0035 and 0.0105 respectively. The five most influential determinants of perceived PWI were extracted. An ensemble model of the three mentioned base learners was designed to remove the overfitting and underfitting problems. The algorithm has demonstrated impressive performance, with an R-squared value of 0.9839 and MSE of 0.0014. A GUI-based prediction model was implemented in Python that triggered the ensemble model at the back end to predict PWI based on five questions only, along with recommendations for the respondents.
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Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess the cardiovascular manifestations in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Method(s): All patients, attending to the dedicated post-COVID outpatient department of Medicine Department, Chhindwara Institute of Medical Sciences from April 2021 to March 2022, with a history of positive RTPCR for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) at least 2 weeks before presentation, were included in the study. Questionnaire along with patients echocardiogram and echo report, Canadian classification used for angina grading and NYHA classification to classify shortness of breath. A total of 650 patients were assessed for demographics, pre-existing comorbidities, health status, date of symptoms onset, COVID-19 diagnosis, health-care utilization, and the presence of any cardiac or other symptoms at the time of the onset of symptoms (retrospectively) and at follow-up days after symptoms onset. Result(s): The mean age of the sample (n=650) was 50.34 years. Majority were 346 (53.23%) males. According to responses using Canadian classification for chest pain were 75 (12.5%) Class 2 angina, in NYHA classification, majority 480 (80%) of patients had Class 2 SOB. About 90 (15%) of patients echo showed positive echo findings. The average stay of patients was 7.58+-1.6 days. About 135 (22.5%) of post-COVID patients had cardiac manifestations, majority were male 118 (87.4%). One hundred and two (75.5%) of patients that developed cardiac manifestation had multiple comorbidities, AF (6%) was reported in patients age 62 years and above. NSTEMI was reported in patients with multiple comorbidities. Conclusion(s): As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic progresses, the interactions between coexisting cardiovascular disease and acute cardiovascular manifestations have a major implication on the medical community's understanding of this disease. This suggests the presence of a post-COVID-19 syndrome and highlights the unmet health-care needs in a subgroup of patients with mild or severe COVID-19. Copyright © 2022 The Authors.
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Background and Aim: Since the onset of the 2019-nCoV disease (COVID-19), many skin manifestations have been reported in COVID-19 patients. This study aims to analysis of various skin manifestations among patients with COVID-19. Methods: An observational study was conducted in department of dermatology, Bharatpur Medical College & Hospital, Bharatpur. Results: Among Covid positive patients 47% had maculopapular eruptions, 19%, 19% each had urticarial and pseudo chilblains, 9% had pedicular eruptions and only 6% had necrotic lesions and they present within 1-4 week. There is a significant association between gender and skin lesions, co morbidity and skin lesions. Conclusion: Infection with 2019-nCoV may lead to skin manifestations with various clinical symptoms. These clinical features combined with clinical symptoms of COVID-19 may aid in the timely diagnosis of patients with COVID-19.
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The food processing sector is a very prominent section of the international market and increased up to approximately $4.5 trillion by 2024 (Businesswire in Global food processing market report, 2019: trends, forecasts, and competitive analysis (2013–2024), 2019 [1]). The increasing demand for healthy fruits and vegetables, organic processed foods, nutraceuticals and functional foods, seafood with packaged food products like ready-to-eat, and frozen processed foods is expected to drive the market growth after pandemic COVID-19 incidence. During processing and handling of horticultural crops, generate large volumes of wastes annually and become a major concern to the whole world. Fruits and vegetables have many bioactive compounds (polyphenols, flavonoids, organic acids, aroma, and flavoring agents, etc.) which have a positive impact on human health because of anti-inflammation, anti-allergic, anti-cancer, anti-atherogenic, and antioxidants properties, depending upon extraction their methods from wastes, efficacy, and bioavailability to the body. Applications of conventional (soxhlet, maceration, percolation, hydro-distillation) and green techniques (solid-phase, supercritical, accelerated solvent, microwave, and ultrasound extractions) for the valorization of horticultural wastes’ conversion in many bioactive components are followed by the potentiality, scalability, and sustainability of the extraction process and highlight the concept of the circular economy as “Waste to Wealth.” © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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Online education is not new to the twenty-first century, especially to higher education. It is known since early 2000 and continues. Traditional education is offered in all government institutions in India. However, in March 2020, Education turned 360° immediately after the COVID-19 pandemic, which allegedly originated in Wuhan city of China in late December 2019. Since then, all the Educational Institutions including schools, colleges, universities, coaching centers insisted to shut down for an unknown time by the government to maintain social distancing and mitigating COVID-19 spread. Due to this, the traditional system was bound to shift to Online Education (OE). In this chapter, challenges that occurred due to the immediate shift to the online education system are discussed. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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This article aims to understand the limitations in enforcing state responsibility on a state of Origin for Trans boundary harm caused by a health emergency by analyzing the factors of force majeure, multiparty involvement, and inability to provide reparations, and the unclear source of the virus as the chief hindrances in prosecuting such states. The authors further explore the various conditions that triggered other PHEICs in history and the consequences and actions taken due to the trans-boundary harm caused. Furthermore, the article also studies the conditions that gave rise to the wet markets and traces the shortcomings in law that hurt the Origin of the virus. After that, the article studies how countries have failed to invoke the state responsibility of trans-boundary harm caused by a PHEIC. Lastly, the article further delves into how Chinese authorities blame both pre and post-outbreak and examine how the global community can negotiate with China for adequate compensation.
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The effect of drying at different temperatures viz;60, 70, 80, and 90 degrees C on gorgon nut flour (GNF) was envisaged by the hot air oven method. The resultant flours were known as GNF-60, GNF-70, GNF-80, and GNF-90, respectively. The effect of drying on rheology and technofunctional properties was studied. The drying at different temperatures resulted in significant changes in technofunctional and pasting properties of GNF. The water and oil absorption capacities increased with the increase in drying temperature from 0.45 to 0.70 g/g and 0.35 to 0.46 g/g, respectively. The viscosity of the GNF decreased with the increase in drying temperature from 1592 to 990 cP. The increase in the drying temperature resulted in an increase in the swelling power and solubility from 7 to 11 g/g and 29% to 117%, respectively. The rise in temperature increased the gelatinisation peak temperature and reduced the gelatinization enthalpy.. The shear rate dependency on study shear stress and study shear viscosity showed a nonNewtonian behavior for all the samples. The storage modulus, G ' was found greater than the loss modulus, G '' and increased with the rise in temperature from 60 to 90 degrees C indicating the dominance of elastic behavior. The FTIR and XRD spectra revealed structural characteristic peaks with increased intensities at a higher temperature. The drying of the GNF at different temperatures is being reported for the first time and resulted in a significant alteration of the technofunctional and rheological properties. The study will serve a basis for the exploration of the GNF in industrial-related processing operations. Practical implications According to the report jointly published by the World Health Organization, Food and Agricultural Organization and the State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World, about 650 million of the total world's population went hungry in 2019, with the expected 120 million addition to this figure due to Covid-19 pandemic by the end of 2020. The economically lower class people are mainly involved in hunger and malnutrition due to either unavailability or higher costs of the nutritionally rich food resources. Exploration of underutilized and nutritionally rich sources becomes the need of the hour in this type of situation. Gorgon nut being a nutritionally rich and underutilized crop of mainly Asian continent, can serve as an affordable food source to fight this hunger and malnutrition problem.